Manual spun wool is by far better than spun wool by machine for rug weaving; natural irregularities may happen in spinning and bring a discontinuity in the diameter of fiber that makes compression in the pile; less compression in some parts open the knot in weaving that weavers call it flourishing the knot. Manual spinning is still common; in rural regions where keeping livestock is customary with agriculture or among nomads because it's a simple activity and not time-consuming.

A duke has been used in this process with different adorning items from various materials and usually wood or metal with a wheel and weight. It's turned by a simple mechanical movement and wool is twisted around it.

Fibers would be in Z shape if duke turns clockwise otherwise in S shape and twisting direction is changed according to the central part of them. Also, the spinning direction of fibers is critical in determining the origin of the rug. In some regions of North Africa, most fibers are spun in S shape.

To have a stronger wool fiber some fibers are spun in opposite directions. The composition of fibers is beneficial technical information to study the rug. Usually, it's showed as Z2S abbreviations consist of two fibers in Z shape twisted with S.

There are more ancient issues applicable in production and commerce in the orient. For instance, nine-ply and six-ply rugs have been woven in Persia and six-ply is finer and more precious.

Trailer of "The Poot", a 2009 documentary about Persian hand-knotted rugs by Elham Asadi. Selected and screened at Amsterdam International Documentary Film Festivals (IDFA).